A working definition of Modernism was the rejection of Victorian ways. Victorian refinement emphatic nationalism and cultural absolutism. Victorians placed humans all over and outside of nature. They believed in a single way of flavor at the macrocosm, and in absolute and clear-cut dichotomies between proper and wrong, good and bad, and hero and villain. Further, they saw the world as universe governed by Gods will, and that each person and intimacy in this world had a specific phthisis. Finally, they saw the world as neatly divided between civilise and savage peoples. According to Victorians, the civilized were those from industrialized nations, cash-based economies, Protestant Christian traditions, and patriarchal societies; the savage were those from farming(prenominal) or hunter-ga therer tribes, barter-based economies, pagan or totemistic traditions, and matriarchal (or at least(prenominal) unmanly societies).
Modernists rebelled against Victorian ideals. Blaming Victorianism for such evils as slavery, racism, and imperialism--and later for domain of a function War I--Modernists emphasized humanism over nationalism, and argued for cultural relativism. Modernists emphasized the ways in which humans were part of and responsible to nature. They argued for triple ways of looking at the world, and blurred the Victorian dichotomies by presenting antiheroes, uncategorisable persons, and anti-art movements like Dada.
Further, they challenged the idea that God played an active intent in the world, which led them to challenge the Victorian assumption that there was meaning and purpose behind world events. Instead, Modernists argued that no thing or person was born for a specific use; instead, they found or made their own meaning in the world. Challenging the Victorian dichotomy between civilized and savage, Modernists change the values associated with each kind of culture. Modernists presented the Victorian civilized as greedy and warmongering (instead of being industrialized nations and cash-based economies), as hypocrites (rather than Christians), and as enemies of freedom...
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